Bread Making Tips

Directions

Top Tips
Using cups to measure ingredients? Try a scale:
At the foundation of every bread is a ratio: the quantity of water to flour in a baguette, the amount of yeast or sugar to flour in brioche, and so forth. Too much of one, too little of another — these seemingly small items easily grow to become larger concerns if measured inaccurately. Inaccurate ingredient measurement is the number one cause of problems in breadmaking. When our Baker’s Hotline hears comments like “My loaf is dense” or “I never get holes like I want,” their first question is always scale-related. (“How are you measuring your ingredients?”). Our best measuring tool is a scale. Accurate to the gram, a scale ensures that if a recipe calls for 1 cup of all-purpose flour (120 grams), that’s exactly what goes into the bowl.
Guessing your water or dough temperature? Try a thermometer:
For the best bread, controlling the temperature of the dough is just as important as proper ingredient measurements or good scoring. A dough that is too cold won’t ferment at a rate that produces good volume, strength, or flavor. On the flip side, a dough that is too warm can overproof, collapsing and falling before it bakes. Reliably manage fermentation by using desired dough temperature, which relies on a digital probe thermometer to set the best possible course for fermentation. The digital probe is also a great tool for measuring the internal temperature of baking loaves.
Are your doughs rising in mixing bowls? Try a lidded container:
While a mixing bowl can work for rising doughs, there are several reasons to consider upgrading to a lidded container. First, a tight lid prevents rising doughs from drying out or crusting over. Any portion of a dough that dries or hardens during fermentation will not reincorporate later in the process, leaving bits of dried dough in the loaf during shaping. A tight lid that forms a moisture barrier eliminates this problem. Second, a clear 6-qt. container with volume markings on the side is our best tool to measure the exact level of rise.
Here’s how to use it: At the beginning of bulk fermentation, place your dough into the container and flatten slightly to evenly distribute. Next, mark the dough height with a small piece of tape on the outside of the container. If a recipe states that a dough should double during fermentation, you can wait until the proper level of rise is achieved, watching the dough and not the clock.
Is your dough rising on the counter? Try a bread proofer:
When cooler conditions cause bread doughs or loaves to move slowly, or whenever you want a stable environment for preferments or sourdough culture, a proofer can greatly improve the quality of loaves. How? A dough that is set to rise in a cold environment will often result in a loaf with poor volume and poor structure. But this doesn’t mean that hot is good, either. What we want is a “goldilocks” zone where the dough moves at a pace that supports a moderate, controlled rise — not too cold, not too hot. The proofer guarantees this even, controlled rate of rise for well-fermented dough — and ultimately, better baked loaves.
After mixing, place the dough (in your covered container) inside the proofing box and set the thermostat to a comfortable temperature (usually around 75°F). This eliminates some of the shuffling that’s required otherwise, in which you have to move doughs around the house trying to find the best possible ambient condition. The bread proofer can also be used to make yogurt, keep dishes warm before serving, and even as a slow cooker.
Proofing on a kitchen towel? Try baker’s linen:
For many breads and rolls like baguettes, bagels, or ciabatta that benefit from a final rise on a floured surface, nothing beats baker’s linen, aka “couche.” The tight weave of the dusted linen holds a small amount of flour, helping loaves release easily while also not shedding bits of fabric as a tea towel might. Further, the stiff weave helps when moving loaves onto a baker’s peel or transfer board for loading. Shake out and store in the freezer between uses and the linen will last for many years.
Are your shaped loaves rising in mixing bowls? Try a banneton or brotform:
For proofing boules and batârds, there’s no substitute for a good banneton. Bannetons, also known as “brotforms,” are round or oval baskets that support loaves during proofing. In addition to guiding the shape of your bread, they also add a nice design to the exterior of the loaf if used unlined (as in our Boiled Cider Rye Bread, above). Further, bannetons improve crust quality: During sourdough loaves’ final proof, the woven banneton enables the crust to lose a small amount of moisture, firming the exterior of the loaf. That slight firming not only contributes to a sturdy crust but also makes for easier scoring.
Using a knife to score bread? Try the baker’s razor, aka a “lame.”:
Scoring the exterior of proofed loaves before baking greatly affects the internal and external aspects of our bread. A well-placed score with proper depth enables bread to spring fully at the beginning of baking, producing an open interior structure in the process. A poorly scored loaf will not spring as well, resulting in a crumb that is tight and constricted. While a very sharp knife can produce a cut, a baker’s razor (lame) with its extremely sharp edge and thin blade enables consistency, precision, and a more controlled depth of cut.
Baking hearth breads on sheet pans? Try a covered baker, cloche, or Dutch oven:
One of the biggest game changers in hearth breads in recent years has been the advent of the covered baker, aka a “cloche” or Dutch oven. The benefit of these is two-fold: First, when loaves are placed into a preheated vessel to bake, they immediately spring as they do in professional ovens, growing significantly higher than they would on a baking tray. Second — and even more crucial — the closed baking system holds steam produced by the baking loaf. Baking in a steamy environment delays crust formation, enabling better oven spring, better crust color, better scores (remember to use a lame), and better eating (since steam helps with a crisp, thin crust).
With these tips (and tools) in hand we’re confident that your loaves are headed for even higher heights. For further reading on hearth breads, have a look at some of our blogs on subjects like hydration and dough development, or, make some popcorn and enjoy the wide array of crusty content on our YouTube channel. Happy Baking!
Useful bread baking tips on flour, water and bread in general
Never trust the amount of water given in a bread recipe, your flour could be (acting) different from theirs, absorbing more or less liquid.
Use steam! Using steam (spray water on the sides of your oven, be careful not to damage your oven by spraying on electrical things) during the first 8 minutes in the oven gives the bread room for expansion and forces the enzymes in the crust to give your bread a nice color!
Use a dough scraper, they are great for dividing dough and for dough folding, especially with wetter dough!
Read a good book about bread baking techniques; we like ‘Bread’ by Jeffrey Hamelman, his recipes really work for us.
Make your own sourdough culture. There are lots of articles about sourdough. Some are very technical and elaborate talking about sourdough starters as if the are designed by Nasa and need the upkeep done at moonlight, dancing around Stonehenge. All you need is unbleached organic flour, water, a jar and a spoon. Read our instructions on how to make your own sourdough culture.
Do NOT store bread in your fridge because the temperature of the fridge (about 5 degrees Celsius) is about the worst climate for keeping bread so it’s the fastest way to old and stale loaves and rolls. Store it in your freezer or in a plastic bag at room temperature. The best thing of course is to eat it after it has (almost) cooled down, although some breads, like rye bread get a bit better with age.
If your bread is a bit stale, do not throw it away but give it a quick ‘pick me up’ in the oven for 5 minutes at about 175 ºC / 345 ºF. You will lose some moisture but you will get your crust back. Be aware, this will work only once! Check out other tips on using stale bread.